His studio announced that he suffered from an acute subdural hematoma, a type of bleeding near the brain.
Dragon Ball, a hugely popular manga series, has also inspired cartoons and films worldwide.
Dragon Ball, which debuted in 1984, follows the story of Son Goku's quest to collect magical dragon balls to defend Earth against Saiyans.
Born in Nagoya, Japan, Toriyama broke into the comic book world with "Dr. Slump" before creating Dragon Ball.
Dragon Ball's impact extended globally, inspiring fan fiction, cosplayers, and becoming a staple in toy stores across Asia.
Despite Dragon Ball's worldwide success, Toriyama expressed surprise at its popularity and credited it as a "miracle" in his career.